International Journal of Science Education and Cultural Studies
International Journal of Science Education and Cultural Studies (IJSECS) publishes high-quality original research articles, review papers, and scholarly discussions on various issues in education, social sciences, humanities, law, public administration, political science, and cultural studies that contribute to the advancement of theory, policy, and professional practice. The journal welcomes interdisciplinary research that explores educational, social, legal, political, administrative, and cultural issues from diverse perspectives while encouraging innovative approaches to teaching, learning, curriculum development, educational policy, governance, and sustainable social development. IJSECS welcomes contributions in, but is not limited to, science education, educational technology, curriculum and instruction, teacher education, multicultural education, cultural heritage, indigenous knowledge, sociology, public administration, public policy, governance, political science, international relations, communication studies, constitutional law, administrative law, civil law, criminal law, business law, international law, environmental law, human rights law, legal studies, social and cultural development, community development, and other interdisciplinary studies related to education, social sciences, humanities, law, and cultural studies. The journal is published twice a year, in March and September, by Sultan Publisher. Publisher: Sultan Publisher, Indonesia Published since 2022
Examining the Relative Contribution of Maslow's Motivational Dimensions to Employee Performance
The motivation of employees is a known factor of organizational performance. However, there is still a lack of empirical evidence on the relative contribution of different motivational dimensions to employee performance in public sector organizations. This study examines the role of five dimensions of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, i.e. physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs to employee performance in the Department of Education and Culture of Indramayu Regency, Indonesia. The study used a quantitative research design where data was collected through survey, structured questionnaires from 54 employees. The validity and reliability of the research instrument was established before data analysis. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the contribution of each motivational dimension to employee performance. The results indicated that the five dimensions of motivation together contribute to employee performance, with esteem needs having the highest contribution among the motivation dimensions. The findings pointed out the importance of applying comprehensive motivational approaches that address the employees’ physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualisation need to improve employee performance. This study is a contribution to the application of Maslow's motivational theory in the public sector and has practical implications for human resource management in government institutions.
Copyright (c) 2023 Ade Setiadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Work Motivation as a Strategic Driver of Employee Performance in Public Organizations
Employee performance is a major factor in determining the effectiveness of an organization, especially in the public sector where the quality of service is determined by human resources. This study examines the effect of work motivation on employee performance at the Department of Education and Culture of Indramayu Regency. A quantitative approach was used, and a census of 54 employees was conducted. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and analyzed using descriptive statistics and path analysis. The results show that employees perceive both work motivation and performance at a good level. Work motivation had a positive and significant effect on employee performance with 89.4% of its variance (R 2 = 0.894). All motivational dimensions contributed positively indicating the importance of fulfilling physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization needs of employees. The study provides empirical evidence for the strategic role of work motivation in improving employee performance and offers practical implications for motivation based human resource management in local government organizations
Copyright (c) 2025 Ade Setiadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Effects of Organizational Coordination Dimensions on Employee Performance: Evidence from an Indonesian Local Government
Employee performance is a key determinant of organizational effectiveness in the public sector, where the successful implementation of government programs depends on effective coordination among organizational units. However, the empirical evidence of the effect of organizational coordination on employee performance in Indonesian local government institutions is still limited. This study aims to find out the effect of organizational coordination on employee performance at the Department of Education and Culture of Indramayu Regency, Indonesia. The approach was quantitative explanatory method, and data were collected through a census survey of all 54 employees of the organization. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis following instrument validity and reliability testing and the MSI transformation. The results reveal that organizational coordination has significant effect on employee performance, and the proposed model explains 52.6% of the variation in employee performance. Among the coordination dimensions studied, authority, work guidelines, forums and conferences had a positive effect on employee performance showing the importance of clear responsibilities, standardised procedures and continuous communication in supporting the effectiveness of the organization. These findings highlight that enhanced coordination mechanisms can lead to enhanced employee performance and public service delivery. The research extends the empirical evidence on organizational coordination in local government agencies and offers practical recommendations for public managers interested in enhancing organizational performance through improved coordination practices.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ade Setiadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Evaluating Coordination Practices and Employee Performance in Local Government Organizations: Evidence from Indonesia
Effective coordination is vital for the efficiency of an organization and the improvement of employees’ performance in public sector institutions. The objective of this study was to measure the performance of the employees and the coordination practices of the Department of Education and Culture of Indramayu Regency, Indonesia. This study employed descriptive quantitative research design with census of 54 employees as research participants. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The research instrument was tested for validity and reliability. The results indicated that coordination practices were generally perceived as good with a mean score of 3.74. Considering the dimensions of coordination, the conferences were rated the highest, and the forums the lowest. This indicates areas for improvement in employee involvement in organizational coordination. The performance of employee was also rated as good with an overall mean score of 4.04 indicating positive performance of employee in terms of indicators of work quality, work quantity, cooperation, initiative and responsibility. The study concludes that within the organization effective coordination mechanisms have been implemented and that the sustainability of participatory coordination practices could promote continuous organizational improvement and improve the quality of public administration.
Identifying Key Leadership Performance Dimensions for Improving Public Service Quality: Evidence from Family Planning Services in Indonesia
Leadership performance has a big influence on the quality of public services provided by government institutions. The objective of this research is to analyze the role of leadership performance and its impact on the quality of public service at the Regional Technical Implementation Unit for Women's Empowerment, Child Protection, Population Control and Family Planning in Bongas District, Indramayu Regency. To study it quantitatively, a descriptive design was used. The data were gathered through questionnaires distributed to 85 respondents and were analysed using descriptive analysis, tests on validity and reliability of the instruments and analysis of relationship between dimensions of leadership performance and quality of public services. The results show that the performance of the leaders was generally rated as good and the evaluations were positive for the dimensions of work planning, implementation of work plans, execution of directives of the organization, quality of work and achievement of targets of the organization. Also, the quality of public services was considered as good, which demonstrates a positive assessment of the services offered by the respondents. The findings indicate the good leadership practices as facilitators of the provision of quality public services and enhancers of the organizational performance. Better planning, implementation, coordination and delivery of organisational goals to build leadership capacity is expected to further improve the effectiveness and responsiveness of public service delivery. The findings offer practical insights for public sector organizations seeking to improve service quality through effective leadership practices.
Leadership Performance and Public Service Quality in Family Planning Services: Evidence from Local Government in Indonesia
The performance of leadership is important in determining the quality of public services, especially around family planning programs that require good coordination and delivery of services oriented to citizens. Yet, empirical evidence on how leadership performance contributes to the quality of public services at the local government level is still limited. This study aims to examine the effect of leadership performance on public service quality in family planning services at the Regional Technical Implementation Unit for Population Control, Family Planning, Women's Empowerment, and Child Protection in Bongas District, Indramayu Regency, Indonesia. A quantitative explanatory approach was applied, with a survey of 85 respondents who were service users. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, validity and reliability tests and path analysis. The results of the description indicated that the performance of leadership was perceived as good with a mean score of 3.77 in total. The quality of public service also achieved a good category with a mean score of 3.95 in total. The results of hypothesis testing show that leadership performance has a positive and significant effect on the quality of public services (F = 85.412, p < 0.001). The contribution of leadership performance to the quality of public services is 94.7% (R2 = 0.947). The results show that improving the leadership capabilities in work planning, implementation, work quality and target accomplishment can significantly improve the quality of public services. The study provides empirical evidence to justify leadership development as a strategic strategy for improving the effectiveness of family planning services in local government institutions.
Integrating Hakam and Court-Annexed Mediation: Strengthening Divorce Dispute Resolution in Indonesia's Religious Courts
Mediation in the settlement of divorce disputes in Indonesian Religious Court has been institutionalized through Supreme Court Regulation (PERMA) Number 1 of 2016. However, there are still significant challenges in the implementation as mediation tends to be a procedural requirement rather than an effective mechanism for reconciliation. This study aims to find out the normative basis of mediation in Islamic family law, evaluate the implementation of court annexed mediation in the Religious Courts in Indonesia, and find the institutional and normative gaps that affect the effectiveness of mediation. This research is normative legal research with a statutory, conceptual and doctrinal approach. Legal materials were collected by means of systematic review of primary, secondary and tertiary legal sources and analysed by the means of qualitative content analysis and normative legal interpretation. The results show that Islamic family law provides a comprehensive normative system through the principles of islah, hakam, and maqashid al-shariah, while court-annexed mediation remains largely procedural, resulting in a significant institutional gap between family-based reconciliation and judicial mediation. Following this, this study presents an Integrated Mediation Framework, which systematically integrates Islamic legal principles with court-annexed mediation to enhance divorce dispute resolution. The proposed model integrates Islamic legal principles, family participation, judicial supervision and professional mediation into a comprehensive model of dispute resolution. The framework is the main contribution of the study as it bridges classical Islamic family law with contemporary judicial mediation and provides practical guidance to improve mediation practice and judicial policy in Indonesia’s Religious Courts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Marhendi Marhendi, Aditya Eko Adrianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Political Dynasties and Regional Governance in Indonesia: Challenges for Democratic Accountability
Political dynasties continue to be a recurring problem in Indonesia’s democratic development, especially after the implementation of decentralization and direct local elections. The existence of political families in strategic posts in regional governments continues to attract public attention and raises questions of political competition, democratic accountability and the quality of regional governance. Political dynasties are not illegal, but they often become a subject of controversy over equal political opportunities and concentration of political power. Political dynasties, however, are not just about the passing of political influence from one generation to the next but also about bigger issues of democratic governance and public accountability. In some cases, political power has become concentrated in certain families, and this has raised concerns about political competition, institutional oversight and public participation in local government. However, the impact of political dynasties cannot be looked at uniformly as local political and social conditions differ in different regions. This paper investigates the linkages between political dynasties and regional governance in Indonesia by conducting a review of a variety of academic publications, policy documents, government reports and related literature. The discussion here is on the potential effects of political dynasties on democratic accountability, governance practices and performance of local institutions. Particular emphasis is placed on the difficulties faced by regional governments in promoting transparency, accountability and public trust in democratic processes. The paper argues that in the pursuit of good regional governance, democratic institutions, accountability mechanisms and broader political participation are still needed to be improved so that the political leadership acts in the interest of the public and supports sustainable regional development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Susi Sugiyarsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Financial Management Flexibility and Public Service Performance in Indonesian Public Hospitals
Public hospitals are an inseparable part of the provision of health services and improvement of community welfare. With the increasing demand for health services, hospitals are required to manage financial resources efficiently but still maintaining the quality of service and organizational accountability. In Indonesia, the financial management system of the BLU has been introduced to provide greater flexibility in financial management and improve the efficiency of public service delivery. This study investigates the relationship between financial management flexibility and public service performance in Indonesian public hospitals. This study adopts a narrative literature review approach. It reviews academic publications, government regulations, policy documents and literature related to hospital financial management, public sector governance and healthcare service performance. The literature collected was reviewed for the contribution of financial flexibility on operational efficiency, resource utilization, accountability, and service quality in public hospitals. The discussion points to flexible financial management as a way for hospitals to better meet operational needs, improve resource use and improve service delivery. The BLU financial management system allows more autonomy in financial decision making within the requirements of accountability. However, the issues of governance capacity, financial control, organizational management and service quality monitoring continue to influence the effectiveness of implementation. The study concludes that financial management flexibility is important instrument to improve public service performance of Indonesian public hospitals. Enhancing governance practices, accountability mechanisms and managerial capacity is still critical to ensure that financial flexibility leads to sustainable improvement of healthcare services.
Copyright (c) 2024 Susi Sugiyarsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
The Role of Entrepreneurship in Promoting Local Economic Growth in Indonesia
Entrepreneurship is generally acknowledged as a major engine of economic development, especially at the local level. In Indonesia, the growth of entrepreneurial activity has resulted in the formation of businesses, the generation of jobs and the spread of economic opportunities in urban and rural areas. Entrepreneurship is increasingly being seen as a powerful tool for the promotion of productive economic activities and community well-being. As local governments continue to seek strategies to bolster regional economies, entrepreneurship has become an important piece of local economic development. In this paper, we examine the role of entrepreneurship in enhancing local economic growth in Indonesia. The study uses the approach of the narrative literature review by reviewing academic publications, policy documents, government reports and other relevant literature on entrepreneurship, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), employment and local economic development. The collected literature was analyzed to find out the contribution of entrepreneurial activities to job creation, income generation, business development and regional economic performance. The discussion shows that entrepreneurship contributes to local economic growth by creating new business opportunities, expanding employment and using local resources. In addition, the development of SMEs contributes to strengthening economic resilience and increasing the participation of communities in economic activities. Access to capital, entrepreneurial skills, technology adoption and market access continue to be a challenge for business growth. Therefore, improving entrepreneurship entails supportive policies, capacity-building programs, improved access to finance, and the establishment of an enabling business environment. Entrepreneurship remains a vital tool in fostering sustainable local economic growth and improving socio-economic development in Indonesia.
Understanding the Poverty Trap in Indonesia: Challenges for Inclusive Economic Development
Despite several development programs and economic policies implemented over the years, poverty remains a major challenge in Indonesia. Many low-income households are confronted with conditions that are difficult to escape due to limited access to education, employment opportunities and productive resources. This is sometimes referred to as a poverty trap, where economic deprivation is passed down the generations and becomes a barrier to wider social and economic progress. This paper discusses the poverty trap within the framework of inclusive economic development. This study uses a narrative literature review approach to explore several academic works, policy reports and relevant publications related to poverty, unemployment, human capital and economic development in Indonesia. The focus is placed on understanding the interrelations of different socio-economic factors and their contribution to the perpetuation of poverty. The review argues that poverty cannot be explained by low income alone. Educational disparities, limited employment opportunities, low productivity and unequal access to economic resources are all closely intertwined and frequently mutually reinforcing. This means that even with a growing economy, many people are finding it hard to improve their living conditions. These findings suggest that poverty reduction is not a matter of short-term assistance programs but needs to be accompanied by longer-term investments in education, skills development, job creation and economic inclusion. An important challenge for Indonesia still to be addressed is poverty trap. The development of human capital and the expansion of economic opportunities are central to the promotion of inclusive development and the improvement of the welfare of vulnerable populations.
Copyright (c) 2023 Susi Sugiyarsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Public Management Innovation and Public Service Reform in the ASEAN Economic Community Era
The implementation of the AEC has increased competition among member countries and has required governments to enhance their capacity to deliver efficient, responsive and competitive public services. Innovation in public management has been an important strategy to improve national competitiveness and to support sustainable economic development. The paper discusses the role of public management innovation and public service reform in improving Indonesia’s readiness and competitiveness in the era of the ASEAN Economic Community. This research uses a narrative literature review method to review some concepts of public management innovation, public service reform, human resource development, and the implementation of PTSP as a strategy to improve service effectiveness and efficiency. The discussion suggests that public service innovation is important for streamlining administrative procedures, improving service quality and creating a more conducive environment for economic activity and investment. Furthermore, effective public service reform necessitates the existence of competent human resources, institutional commitment and sustained efforts to improve the governance practices. Thus, improving Indonesia’s competitiveness in an increasingly integrated regional economy is still crucial in terms of boosting public management innovation and public service reform.
The Influence of Digital Public Engagement on Public Trust through Public Satisfaction with Public Services
The rapid growth of digital public services has changed the way citizens interact with government institutions and digital public engagement has become a more and more important factor in shaping public perceptions of government performance. Even though investments in digital governance are growing, the mechanisms by which digital public engagement contributes to public trust are not well understood. This study explores the effect of Digital Public Engagement on Public Trust and the mediating effect of Public Satisfaction in this relationship. This research uses a quantitative method with data taken from a survey of 180 citizens of Cirebon City who had used digital public services in the last three months. Data were analyzed using PROCESS Macro Model 4 (regression-based mediation analysis. The results show that Digital Public Engagement has a positive and statistically significant impact on Public Satisfaction and Public Trust. Public Satisfaction has a positive effect on the Public Trust and a mediating effect between Digital Public Engagement and Public Trust partially. These findings suggest that citizens’ trust in government institutions is not only shaped by their satisfaction with digital public services but also by their direct experiences of accessibility, responsiveness and interaction through government digital platforms. The research contributes to the digital governance literature by revealing the dual effect of digital public engagement on public trust. The findings also underscore the need to improve digital engagement strategies to enhance citizen satisfaction and institutional trust in the delivery of public services.
Copyright (c) 2026 Susi Sugiyarsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
The Role of Service Quality and Service Transparency in Building Public Trust in Public Services: A Literature Study
Public trust is a major element in making public service delivery effective and legitimate. Service quality and service transparency have often been identified as key determinants of public trust, but the evidence remains fragmented across different public service contexts. The study seeks to synthesize existing research on the role of service quality and service transparency in building public trust in public services. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. Articles were retrieved from Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect and SpringerLink using pre-defined search keywords. Following the screening and eligibility assessment process, 25 studies published between 2019 and 2025 were included in the review. The results indicate that service quality increases public trust via responsiveness, reliability, accessibility, and professionalism, and service transparency strengthens trust via openness, accountability, and access to information. The review further finds that these two factors are complementary dimensions that shape perceptions of governmental competence and integrity. Based on the literature synthesis, an integrated conceptual framework is proposed to explain the relationship of service quality, service transparency and public trust. This study adds value to the public administration literature through the provision of a comprehensive synthesis of the extant evidence and the identification of avenues for future research on public trust in public services.
Investigating the Effectiveness of the Cake Application for Improving EFL Speaking Skills among Junior High School Students in Southwest Papua
This study investigated the specific impact of integrating Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) via the Cake application on improving the comprehensive English-speaking proficiency and behavioral classroom participation of ninth-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Kabupaten Sorong, Southwest Papua, where instruction is traditionally textbook-bound and challenged by a complex multilingual environment. Employing a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test non-equivalent control group design, a purposive sample of 64 students was divided into an experimental group (n = 32) and a control group (n = 32). Primary oral performance and behavioral data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), with Shapiro-Wilk (p > .05) and Levene’s test (F = 0.137, p = .712) satisfying all parametric assumptions. The independent samples t-test revealed a highly significant statistical difference in post-test oral scores, t(62) = 6.171, p < .001, with a substantial mean difference of 12.88 points favoring the experimental group (μ = 83.75 ± 6.24) over the control group (μ = 70.88 ± 5.96). Furthermore, effect size estimations yielded exceptionally high values (Cohen’s d = 1.57, Hedges’ = 1.55, and eta squared η2= 0.381), indicating that 38.1% of the variance in oral performance was directly attributable to the technological intervention. Concurrently, time-sampled observations confirmed that the application successfully lowered students' affective filters, driving a composite classroom participation rate of 82.03% (High Engagement) in the experimental class, drastically outperforming the control class at 47.66% (Low Engagement). These findings conclude that gamified, AI-assisted tools function as highly effective pedagogical scaffolds that bridge structural educational divides and enhance communicative automaticity in peripheral educational ecosystems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suci Sukmawati Hamdani, Hasbullah Hasbullah, Abd Rahman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction in the Relationship Between Self-Efficacy, Digital Competence, and Early Childhood Daycare Service Quality in Depok City
The quality of educational services in daycare institutions has become increasingly important as urban families increasingly rely on professional early childhood care services. Despite the growing literature on teacher competencies and organizational outcomes, empirical studies integrating psychological, technological, and organizational dimensions within daycare institutions remain limited. This study aims to examine the effects of self-efficacy and digital competence on service quality through the mediating role of job satisfaction among daycare teachers in Depok City, Indonesia. A quantitative explanatory design was employed using survey data collected from 146 teachers working in registered daycare institutions. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS software. The results indicate that self-efficacy positively affects job satisfaction (β = 0.381, p < 0.001) and service quality (β = 0.291, p < 0.001), while digital competence positively influences job satisfaction (β = 0.427, p < 0.001) and service quality (β = 0.318, p < 0.001). Job satisfaction also exerts a significant positive effect on service quality (β = 0.356, p < 0.001) and partially mediates the relationships between teacher competencies and service quality. The model explains 62.4% of the variance in job satisfaction and 71.0% of the variance in service quality. These findings suggest that improving daycare service quality requires not only strengthening teachers' professional and technological capabilities but also enhancing workplace well-being and organizational support. This study contributes to the literature by integrating psychological, technological, and organizational perspectives within a single framework and by providing empirical evidence from the context of early childhood daycare institutions in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yulismar Yulismar, Lili Nurlaili, Saiful Anwar, Siti Zubaidah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Transforming Licensing Regulations: Legal Implications for Administrative Governance in Indonesia
This fundamental change in the legal architecture of licensing has complex and multi-layered implications for government administrative governance, particularly regarding the redistribution of authority between government institutions, a paradigm shift from obligation-based licensing to risk-based licensing, and the restructuring of the legal responsibilities of administrative officials in the digital licensing ecosystem. This study aims to analyze the legal implications of the transformation of licensing regulations on administrative governance in Indonesia, map the shift in institutional legal responsibilities post-reform, and formulate a framework for adapting administrative law that is responsive to the dynamics of the digital technology-based licensing system. The research employed a normative juridical method reinforced by an empirical juridical approach. Analysis of primary and secondary legal documents was combined with in-depth interviews with 52 informants, including administrative law academics, officials from the Ministry of Investment/BKPM, regional regulators, business actors, and judges at the State Administrative Court in three major cities . Data were analyzed using an integrated statute, conceptual, and case approach within a transformative legal implications analysis framework. The findings identify four main legal implications of the transformation of licensing regulations: (1) a shift in the legal paradigm from ex-ante to ex-post, which changes the nature of administrative officials' legal responsibilities; (2) a restructuring of the state administrative lawsuit mechanism against digital licensing decisions; and (3) a weak legal protection framework for business actors who rely on self-declaration-based standard certificate conformity. This research produces a transformative licensing administrative legal adaptation framework that serves as an academic and policy reference for administrative law reform in the era of digital licensing governance.
Copyright (c) 2023 Didi Nursidi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Fragmented Authority and Overlapping Jurisdiction in Coastal Permitting: A Case Study of Sea Fence Construction
Coastal zones hold a crucial role in maintaining ecological stability, supporting economic livelihoods, and safeguarding the welfare of nearby communities. Yet the governance of coastal space in Indonesia remains constrained by persistent institutional fragmentation and inconsistent regulatory norms. This study examines how regulatory misalignment emerges within coastal spatial licensing practices, using the construction of a sea barrier in the coastal waters of Tangerang Regency as the principal empirical case. Unlike earlier studies that mainly discuss broad policy arrangements or governance systems in general terms, this research focuses closely on how differences in regulatory interpretation appear during concrete licensing procedures. A qualitative approach guides the inquiry, combining normative legal analysis with a governance perspective to identify the relationship between regulatory design and institutional conduct. The findings indicate that fragmented regulations, overlapping authority among agencies, and weak interinstitutional coordination together generate inconsistencies that weaken the credibility of the permitting process. These conditions create legal uncertainty and increase the likelihood of disputes over coastal spatial utilization. This article offers a case-oriented analysis of how interactions between regulation and institutions influence the outcomes of coastal licensing, and it contends that building more coherent and sustainable coastal governance in Indonesia requires stronger regulatory alignment, deeper institutional collaboration, and clearer policy guidance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Didi Nursidi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Licensing Authority and Legal Certainty in Contemporary Administrative Law
In the implementation of modern administrative law, the authority to issue permits to regulate public space is inseparable from the individual's right to legal certainty in business and activities. In the context of contemporary state administrative law, the tension between the broad authority to issue permits held by government officials and the increasing demands for legal certainty from the public and business actors is an issue that has not been fully resolved, both theoretically and in policy implementation. This study aims to investigate the relationship between licensing authority and legal certainty from the perspective of contemporary state administrative law in Indonesia, identify structural factors that determine the quality of legal certainty in licensing governance, and formulate a normative and institutional framework capable of optimizing licensing authority as an instrument for creating legal certainty. The study uses a normative juridical approach with a comparative analysis of legal documents and a systematic and comprehensive library research method. The collection of legal materials is carried out through the study of primary legislation, judicial decisions, comparative administrative law doctrine, and internationally reputable scientific literature. The analysis is conducted using a layered normative analysis framework that integrates the dimensions of legality, proportionality, and legal certainty. The findings indicate that legal certainty in licensing authority in Indonesia is multidimensional and influenced by five structural factors: coherence of licensing regulations, clarity of authority boundaries, standardization of administrative procedures, legal protection mechanisms, and consistency in the application of norms by licensing bodies. This study produces a normative framework for legal certainty in licensing based on contemporary administrative law principles that can serve as a reference for licensing regulatory reform in Indonesia.
Administrative Discretion in Licensing Governance: A Qualitative Study of Legal Accountability
Administrative discretion in licensing governance is a form of modern bureaucratic practice, but it also carries the potential risk of serious legal accountability deviations. In the context of developing countries such as Indonesia, where the scope of public officials' authority is often not clearly defined , administrative freedom is often a paradoxical instrument: on the one hand, it allows the necessary governance flexibility to respond to diverse local conditions, but on the other hand, it has the potential to create loopholes for corruption, collusion, and nepotism in the licensing process. This study aims to investigate the pattern of administrative discretion in licensing governance in Indonesia, identify factors that influence the legal accountability of public officials in the use of discretion, and formulate an analytical framework for legal accountability based on the local institutional context. The study uses an empirical juridical approach with a qualitative method based on grounded theory. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews with 48 participants consisting of licensing officials, administrative law experts, business actors, and members of the supervisory commission, as well as analysis of primary legal documents and focus group discussions (FGDs) as triangulation of findings. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis framework and a layered legal accountability matrix. The findings indicate that administrative discretion in licensing governance in Indonesia is multidimensional and influenced by six determinant factors: regulatory clarity, human resource capacity of officials, local political pressure, internal oversight mechanisms, bureaucratic organizational culture, and accessibility of administrative justice. This study produces a legal accountability model of administrative discretion based on institutional context that can be a reference for licensing system reform in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2024 Didi Nursidi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Digital Licensing Regulations in Indonesia: Legal Study and Policy Implementation
Current advances in information technology have had complex impacts, particularly in the realm of human rights and licensing. These challenges include the enforcement of intellectual property rights (IPR) laws, and the lack of synchronization between top-down and bottom-up regulations, leading to disharmony between national regulations and the needs of the local digital ecosystem. This study aims to explore the digital licensing regulatory framework in Indonesia with a focus on implementation in West Java, identify legal gaps, and formulate an adaptive regulatory model appropriate to the local context. The study uses an empirical legal approach with analysis of primary and secondary legal documents, in-depth interviews with 45 intellectual property rights law experts, regulators, and digital industry players in West Java, and focus group discussions (FGDs) to validate the findings. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis framework and local context-based regulatory analysis. The findings indicate that the implementation of digital licensing regulations in West Java faces multiple challenges, including weak law enforcement infrastructure at the district/city level, disparity in human resource capacity between Bandung as the center and its outlying areas, and low digital literacy among local creative industry players. This research produces a locally context-based adaptive regulatory model that can serve as a policy reference for local governments in formulating a comprehensive and responsive digital licensing legal framework.
Digital Transformation for Protected Forest Governance: A Policy Reform Framework for Land-Use Licensing in Indonesia
Digital transformation has increasingly been discussed as a potential driver of reform in natural resource governance, particularly in the management of protected forests through land-use permitting systems. In practice, however, the digitalization of licensing processes has largely emphasized administrative efficiency and procedural simplification, while its function as a legally institutionalized instrument of environmental control remains limited. This study examines the regulatory and institutional configuration of land-use permitting in protected forest areas in Indonesia and develops a policy reform framework that positions digital transformation within governance and legal reform. Employing a normative legal approach combined with qualitative policy analysis, the research reviews statutory frameworks, institutional arrangements, and policy documents related to forestry regulation, spatial planning, and digital licensing systems. The analysis indicates that protected forest governance continues to face regulatory fragmentation, overlapping institutional mandates, limited spatial data integration, and accountability constraints within existing digital licensing structures. In response, the study formulates a sector-specific reform framework structured around four interconnected pillars: regulatory harmonization, institutional integration and accountability, integrated digital licensing architecture, and environmental justice and public participation. Rather than proposing a demonstrated policy outcome, the framework provides a normative and institutional proposition for embedding digital transformation within preventive (ex ante) environmental control and legally coherent governance structures. The results reinforce the conceptual development of digital governance reform in protected forest management while outlining directions for future empirical and socio-legal research.
Copyright (c) 2025 Didi Nursidi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Legal Certainty in Digital Spatial Planning Licensing: Rethinking Administrative Decision-Making in Urban Governance
The digitalization of spatial planning permits has become an important part of urban governance reform, particularly in efforts to improve administrative efficiency and coordination. However, digitalization not only brings procedural changes but also affects how administrative decisions are made and legally accountable. This research aims to analyze digital-based spatial planning permits as an instrument of administrative law, focusing on their implications for the structure of administrative decisions, legal certainty, and administrative justice in urban governance. This research uses a qualitative approach with a juridical-normative method enriched by conceptual analysis. Research data is sourced from administrative legal norms, relevant laws and regulations regarding spatial planning and permits, as well as relevant scientific literature. The research results indicate that the digitalization of permits changes the structure of administrative decision-making from an individual-hierarchical model to a system-based integrated model, which increases procedural efficiency but simultaneously introduces new complexities in the division of legal authority and responsibility. Additionally, digitalization tends to strengthen procedural certainty, but it has not fully guaranteed substantive legal certainty and administrative justice. This research confirms that the success of digital spatial planning licensing is highly dependent on strengthening the administrative legal framework, harmonizing regulations, and establishing effective accountability mechanisms and legal protection.
Integrating Deep Learning Models into Civic Education: Effects on Students' Critical Thinking and Democratic Values
Civic education is expected to develop critical thinking and democratic values, yet traditional instructional practices often limit these outcomes. This study investigates the effects of deep learning pedagogical models—understood here as instructional approaches emphasizing meaningful engagement, inquiry, and authentic problem-solving, distinct from deep learning in artificial intelligence on students' critical thinking skills and democratic value formation in Indonesian high schools. A mixed-method approach was employed involving 150 students assigned to an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received instruction through problem-based learning, deliberative discussion, service learning, case analysis, and reflective activities, while the control group followed conventional teaching methods. Quantitative data were collected using the California Critical Thinking Skills Test and the Democratic Values Scale, supported by classroom observations and semi-structured interviews. The results show that students in the experimental group achieved significantly higher critical thinking scores (M = 78.5) than those in the control group (M = 64.8), with a large effect size (d = 1.58). Similar patterns emerged for democratic values, particularly political tolerance, civic engagement, and political efficacy (d = 1.46). Qualitative findings confirm that students became more analytical, open to differing views, and confident in civic participation. These findings contribute to civic education research by providing empirical evidence that integrated deep learning pedagogical models can simultaneously develop both cognitive and democratic competencies, offering a replicable instructional framework for transformative citizenship education in diverse societal contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ali Miftakhu Rosyad, Saefullah Yamin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
A Systematic Literature Review of Pancasila Education in Higher Education: Trends, Pedagogical Innovations, and Learner Competencies
Pancasila education has become increasingly critical in Indonesian higher education as institutions grapple with globalization, digital transformation, and the need to preserve national identity. This systematic literature review addresses a critical gap in civic education scholarship by mapping pedagogical innovations and synthesizing empirical evidence on learner competency development in Pancasila educationan area previously examined only through single-institution case studies. Using the PRISMA framework, this study analyzed 45 peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2024 from major academic databases. Results reveal that active, experiential pedagogies (project-based learning, service-learning, dialogical approaches) consistently demonstrate superior effectiveness compared to traditional lecture-based instruction, with effect sizes ranging from d=0.62 to d=1.42 for applied competencies, though these findings are based predominantly on short-term, self-reported outcomes. Five core competencies emerge from effective programs: civic knowledge, ethical reasoning, critical thinking, cultural awareness, and social responsibility. The review's primary contribution lies in providing the first systematic synthesis of pedagogical effectiveness evidence across diverse Indonesian contexts, revealing that implementation quality and contextual factors significantly moderate outcomes. However, substantial gaps remain in longitudinal behavioral assessment and cross-institutional comparative research. These findings suggest that effective Pancasila education requires contextualized, student-centered approaches that integrate cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions, though claims of long-term effectiveness must remain tentative given current methodological limitations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ali Miftakhu Rosyad, Siti Fatahiyah Mahamood https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Implementation of Deep Learning Approach of Pancasila Education to Increase Critical Thinking Students
Critical thinking is essential in 21st-century higher education, yet traditional Pancasila education often fails to develop this competency. This mixed-method study investigated how deep learning approaches pedagogical strategies emphasizing mastery, problem-solving, and disposition development enhance critical thinking among 120 undergraduate students at Universitas Wiralodra. Students were divided into experimental groups receiving deep learning instruction and control groups receiving traditional methods. Results showed experimental group students achieved substantially higher critical thinking scores with large effect sizes (Cohen's d=1.66, p<0.001). Qualitative findings revealed that problem-based learning, Socratic dialogue, and reflective practices enhanced students' analytical abilities and engagement. The main contribution of this study is demonstrating that contextualized deep learning pedagogies can effectively transform civic education from knowledge transmission to critical competency development in Indonesian higher education settings. Practically, this research provides evidence-based implementation frameworks for educators seeking to enhance critical thinking through authentic problem-solving and collaborative inquiry in Pancasila education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ali Miftakhu Rosyad, Najeem Olawale Adelakun https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Systematic Literature Review: Heart Rate Variability (HRV) as a Neurobiological Biomarker of Mindfulness Effects on Emotion Regulation
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is increasingly relevant in applied psychology and medicine because it offers objective indices of autonomic flexibility tied to emotion regulation. Mindfulness interventions including brief, intensive, and online‐based programs have been studied in relation to HRV, using both time-domain (e.g. RMSSD, SDNN) and frequency-domain (e.g. high-frequency power, HF; LF/HF ratio) parameters. In this review (40 empirical studies from 2020–2025, randomized controlled trials, within-subject and longitudinal designs), we find that mindfulness significantly increases parasympathetic‐related HRV measures (notably RMSSD and HF) and reduces emotional distress (e.g. anxiety, stress) relative to baseline or control conditions. However, effect sizes are variable due to methodological inconsistencies (different HRV recording durations, resting vs. active tasks) and heterogeneous samples. The review highlights HRV’s promise as a biomarker for mindfulness‐based emotion regulation, especially when studies use standardized protocols. For maximum impact, future work should employ longer follow‐ups, rigorous RCTs, and integrate multi‐modal physiological and psychological measurement across diverse populations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anggita Rana Sasmita Lestari, Atika Rahmania El Barusi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Cybersecurity Education Strategies Based on Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT) to Enhance Public Awareness
In today’s rapidly evolving digital landscape, cybersecurity threats are escalating in both frequency and complexity, which points to the urgent need for effective educational approaches to enhance public awareness. Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT), which leverages publicly available information, offers a practical framework for identifying and understanding cyber risks. This study proposes the design, implementation, and evaluation of an OSINT-based cybersecurity education strategy aimed at non-technical audiences. Employing a mixed-methods approach including literature review, module development, and surveys, this research measures the strategy’s effectiveness in improving cybersecurity comprehension. The results indicate that the OSINT-based educational approach significantly enhances participants’ understanding of cyber risks, yielding an average increase of 35% in comprehension scores. Furthermore, the integration of real-world OSINT demonstrations makes cybersecurity threats more tangible and personally relevant, thereby motivating proactive preventive behavior. In conclusion, incorporating OSINT into cybersecurity education provides an effective and scalable strategy for improving public awareness and resilience against modern digital threats.
Copyright (c) 2025 Taufik Hidayat, Budi Wibowo, Andrie Yuswanto, Annisa Fathul Jannah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Development of an IoT-Based Smart Waste Bin with Automated Operation and Capacity Monitoring
In many public facilities, waste bins are still monitored through routine manual checks, which often results in delayed collection when the bin reaches its capacity. This situation is commonly found in campus park areas, where waste overflow reduces cleanliness and user comfort. This research aims to design and evaluate an IoT-based smart waste bin system that integrates automated lid operation and real-time capacity monitoring to improve waste management efficiency in public spaces. The system uses an ESP32 microcontroller together with an ultrasonic sensor to estimate the waste level and a Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor to detect human presence near the bin. An OLED display is included to show local system status, while remote monitoring and notifications are handled through the Blynk Console platform. The methodology involves system design, algorithm development, and simulation-based testing using the Wokwi platform. During operation, the bin lid opens when motion is detected and closes automatically after a short period. The waste level is observed continuously, and a notification is sent when the predefined capacity threshold is reached. Simulation results demonstrate an average accuracy of 98.8% for capacity detection with an absolute error of 1.2%. The system successfully performed automated lid operations, real-time status display on OLED, RGB LED status indication, and timely notifications via Blynk Console. These findings indicate that the proposed IoT-based smart waste bin can significantly enhance waste management operations in public areas by enabling proactive collection scheduling and reducing overflow incidents, thereby contributing to improved environmental hygiene and operational efficiency.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pria Intiadi, Gunawan Sihaloho , Al Fauzan Dito Prasetyo, Budi Wibowo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
The Socialization of Batik Culture to Enhance Children’s Creativity in a Puchong Guidance Studio In Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
This socialization program for the introduction of batik culture in Sanggar Bimbingan (SB) Puchong, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, aims to provide insight into the art of batik and train the skills of Indonesian migrant workers (TKI) children in making simple batik works. This activity was carried out by students of the International Community Service Program (KKN) of the Jam'iyah Mahmudiyah Institute of Langkat using a participatory method involving the presentation of theory, demonstration of batik techniques, and hands-on practice. With a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through observation and direct interaction with participants totaling 35 children. The results of the activity showed that the SB Puchong children not only gained technical skills in batik making, but also increasingly understood the philosophy and cultural values contained in batik. The enthusiasm of the participants can be seen from their interest in choosing motifs, mixing colors, and applying both dip and colet dyeing techniques.In addition, the training increased the children’s appreciation of Indonesia’s cultural heritage and fostered a sense of pride in their cultural identity despite being in an overseas environment. The evaluation of the activity showed that the practice-based method was effective in improving the participants’ understanding and skills, as well as providing valuable experience in the creative process of making batik. With the success of this program, it is hoped that the children's awareness of the importance of cultural preservation and can continue to develop their batik skills in the future.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hayatun Sabariah, Nurul Hasanah , Lia Ariska Ritonga, Istihara Safitri, Ratika Dewi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/